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1 Jenney, William Le Baron
[br]b. 25 September 1832 Fairhaven, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 June 1907 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American architect and engineer who pioneered a method of steel-framed construction that made the skyscraper possible.[br]Jenney's Home Insurance Building in Chicago was completed in 1885 but demolished in 1931. It was the first building to rise above ten to twelve storeys and was possible because it did not require immensely thick walls on the lower storeys to carry the weight above. Using square-sectioned cast-iron wall piers, hollow cylindrical cast-iron columns on the interior and, across these, steel and cast-iron beams and girders, Jenney produced a load-bearing metal framework independent of the curtain walling. Beams and girders were united by ties as well as being bolted to the vertical members, so providing a strong framework to take the building load. Jenney went on to build in Chicago the Second Leiter Building (1889–91) and, in 1891, the Manhattan Building. He played a considerable part in the planning of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Jenney is accepted as having been the founder of the Chicago school of architecture, and he trained many of the later noted architects and builders of the city, such as William Holabird, Martin Roche and Louis Sullivan.[br]Further ReadingA.Woltersdorf, 1924, "The father of the skeleton frame building", Western Architecture 33.F.A.Randall, 1949, History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.C.Condit, 1964, The Chicago School of Architecture: A History of Commercial and Public Building in the Chicago Area 1875–1925, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.DYBiographical history of technology > Jenney, William Le Baron
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2 Civil engineering
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3 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
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4 Sullivan, Louis Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 3 September 1856 Boston, Massachusetts, USAd. 14 April 1924 Chicago, Illinois, USA[br]American architect whose work came to be known as the "Chicago School of Architecture" and who created a new style of architecture suited specifically to steel-frame, high-rise structures.[br]Sullivan, a Bostonian, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon he joined his parents, who had moved to Chicago, and worked for a while in the office of William Le Baron Jenney, the pioneer of steel-frame construction. After spending some time studying at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, in 1875 Sullivan returned to Chicago, where he later met and worked for the Danish architect Dankmar Adler, who was practising there. In 1881 the two architects became partners, and during the succeeding fifteen years they produced their finest work and the buildings for which Sullivan is especially known.During the early 1880s in Chicago, load-bearing, metal-framework structures that made lofty skyscrapers possible had been developed (see Jenney and Holabird). Louis H.Sullivan initiated building design to stress and complement the metal structure rather than hide it. Moving onwards from H.H.Richardson's treatment of his Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago, Sullivan took the concept several stages further. His first outstanding work, built with Adler in 1886–9, was the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The exterior, in particular, was derived largely from Richardson's Field Store, and the building—now restored—is of bold but simple design, massively built in granite and stone, its form stressing the structure beneath. The architects' reputation was established with this building.The firm of Sullivan \& Adler established itself during the early 1890s, when they built their most famous skyscrapers. Adler was largely responsible for the structure, the acoustics and function, while Sullivan was responsible for the architectural design, concerning himself particularly with the limitation and careful handling of ornament. In 1892 he published his ideas in Ornament in Architecture, where he preached restraint in its quality and disposition. He established himself as a master of design in the building itself, producing a rhythmic simplicity of form, closely related to the structural shape beneath. The two great examples of this successful approach were the Wainwright Building in St Louis, Missouri (1890–1) and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1894–5). The Wainwright Building was a ten-storeyed structure built in stone and brick and decorated with terracotta. The vertical line was stressed throughout but especially at the corners, where pilasters were wider. These rose unbroken to an Art Nouveau type of decorative frieze and a deeply projecting cornice above. The thirteen-storeyed Guaranty Building is Sullivan's masterpiece, a simple, bold, finely proportioned and essentially modern structure. The pilaster verticals are even more boldly stressed and decoration is at a minimum. In the twentieth century the almost free-standing supporting pillars on the ground floor have come to be called pilotis. As late as the 1920s, particularly in New York, the architectural style and decoration of skyscrapers remained traditionally eclectic, based chiefly upon Gothic or classical forms; in view of this, Sullivan's Guaranty Building was far ahead of its time.[br]BibliographyArticle by Louis H.Sullivan. Address delivered to architectural students June 1899, published in Canadian Architecture Vol. 18(7):52–3.Further ReadingHugh Morrison, 1962, Louis Sullivan: Prophet of Modern Architecture.Willard Connely, 1961, Louis Sullivan as He Lived, New York: Horizon Press.DY
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Jenney, William Le Baron — ▪ American engineer and architect born Sept. 25, 1832, Fairhaven, Mass., U.S. died June 15, 1907, Los Angeles, Calif. American civil engineer and architect whose technical innovations were of primary importance in the development of the… … Universalium
JENNEY (W. LE BARON) — JENNEY WILLIAM LE BARON (1832 1907) Formé à Paris, à l’École centrale des arts et manufactures, William Le Baron Jenney a été ingénieur avant d’être architecte. En 1868, il s’établit à Chicago et fait un cours d’architecture auquel assistent… … Encyclopédie Universelle
JENNEY, William Le Baron — (1832 1907) See SKYSCRAPER … Historical Dictionary of Architecture
William Le Baron Jenney — Vista del Home Insurance Building, Chicago. William Le Baron Jenney (1832 1907). Fue un arquitecto e ingeniero estadounidense, antiguo alumno de la École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures (École centrale Paris, en París de los años 1853 a 1856.… … Wikipedia Español
William Le Baron Jenney — Le Home Insurance Building (Chicago) William Le Baron Jenney (né le 25 septembre 1832 à Fairhaven, Massachusetts mort le 14 juin 1907 à Los Angeles, Californie) est un architecte et ingénieur américain, ancien élève de l É … Wikipédia en Français
William Le Baron Jenney — Das Home Insurance Building von 1885 in Chicago … Deutsch Wikipedia
William Le Baron Jenney — External links* [http://www.lib.colum.edu/archhistory/lejenney.htm Architect William LeBaron Jenney (1832 1907)] * … Wikipedia
Jenney — (William Le Baron) (1832 1907) architecte américain de l école de Chicago … Encyclopédie Universelle
William LeBaron Jenney — William Le Baron Jenney Le Home Insurance Building William Le Baron Jenney (né le 25 septembre 1832 à Fairhaven, Massachusetts mort le 14 juin 1907 à Los Angeles, Californie) est un architecte et ingénieur américain, ancien… … Wikipédia en Français
Jenney — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Lucinda Jenney (* 1954), US amerikanische Schauspielerin Neil Jenney (* 1945), US amerikanischer Maler William Le Baron Jenney (1832–1907), US amerikanischer Architekt Kategorie: Familienname … Deutsch Wikipedia
William Holabird — Información personal Nacimiento 11 de septiembre de 1854 Amenia (Nueva York) … Wikipedia Español